Determinantes gerenciales de la proactividad y desempeño internacional en pymes del sector TIC
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Aunque el impacto del capital humano gerencial de las pymes del sector TIC sobre la proactividad internacional de estas empresas ha sido tratado y documentado ampliamente, escasa evidencia empírica proviene de países latinoamericanos. A fin de abordar este vacío, se diseñó un modelo hipotético fundamentado en literatura sobre emprendimiento internacional, el cual fue analizado mediante técnicas rigurosas de modelación de ecuaciones estructurales. Usando una muestra de 87 gerentes de pymes costarricenses del sector TIC se examinó el efecto de la experiencia internacional del gerente, de su percepción de autoeficacia, de riesgo y de los beneficios de las exportaciones sobre la proactividad internacional de la empresa. Los principales hallazgos indican que la percepción de riesgos y la experiencia internacional del gerente son los factores determinantes del nivel de proactividad internacional. Además, se encontró que una mayor proactividad internacional se relaciona significativamente con un mejor desempeño exportador en las pymes. Estos resultados destacan el papel clave de las percepciones gerenciales y la experiencia previa en los procesos de internacionalización. Asimismo, se sugiere que estrategias orientadas a reducir la percepción de riesgo y fortalecer las capacidades internacionales podrían contribuir a impulsar la expansión internacional de las pymes del sector TIC.
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