Environmental assessment of agricultural and forestry systems by population analysis of nematodes as bioindicators
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Growing concern about the degradation of agricultural and forest soils has prompted the use of bioindicators to assess their quality and health. This study evaluated the population structure of free-living nematodes associated with cocoa and teak production systems in two locations (Quevedo and El Empalme). Rhizospheric soil sampling was carried out, extracting nematodes by centrifugation and sugar flotation techniques, and then classifying individuals into trophic groups and calculating maturity, diversity and structure indices. The results showed a high abundance of phytoparasitic genera, especially Meloidogyne, and the presence of beneficial genera such as Mononchus and Dorylaimus. Differences in diversity and maturity indices were observed among localities, reflecting variations in soil quality associated with land use systems, the higher representation of opportunistic genera in certain systems suggests a degree of environmental disturbance related to management practices, it can be concluded that the analysis of nematode populations provides accurate and relevant information for the diagnosis of soil health in agroecosystems and tropical forest ecosystems.
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