Legal Liability Risks in the Use of Chatbots and Artificial Intelligence for Financial and Tax Advisory Services

Abstract

The use of chatbots and artificial intelligence systems in financial and tax advisory services has increased significantly in recent years, offering operational advantages while raising new legal challenges related to liability. This study aims to systematically analyze the legal liability risks arising from the use of these technologies in professional advisory contexts. The research follows a qualitative approach based on a documentary review and legal doctrinal analysis of academic publications with verifiable digital identifiers, focusing on civil liability, regulation of artificial intelligence, and financial and tax applications. The results show that automated advisory services increase legal risks when implemented without effective human supervision, particularly in situations involving economic harm, regulatory noncompliance, and lack of transparency in decision making processes. The findings also reveal a fragmentation of liability among system developers, implementing entities, and supervising professionals, as well as significant regulatory gaps in the Latin American and Ecuadorian context. The discussion highlights that traditional legal frameworks are insufficient to address the complexity of automated advisory services. The study concludes that the development of specific regulatory models is required, incorporating transparency, human oversight, and clear allocation of responsibilities to ensure legal certainty and user protection.