Economic eco-efficiency versus social eco-efficiency: a comparative analysis of their theoretical foundations and methodological structures
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The study examines the evolution of the eco-efficiency concept within the sustainability framework, considering its development from an economic and environmental perspective and its relationship with the social dimension. The purpose is to identify conceptual and methodological differences between economic eco-efficiency and social eco-efficiency, as well as to assess the level of integration between these dimensions. A systematic literature review was conducted based on the selection of twenty-eight studies, organized through a structured process and analyzed using a comparative matrix that allowed classification of approaches, variables, and indicators. The results reveal a predominance of models focused on resource optimization and environmental impact reduction, with a strong presence of quantitative methods oriented toward productive efficiency. The social dimension shows a lower level of development and appears only marginally within the analyzed models. The interpretation of the findings indicates a fragmentation among sustainability dimensions, where improvements in eco-efficiency do not necessarily translate into better well-being or equity. The study concludes that eco-efficiency requires more integrative approaches capable of articulating economic, environmental, and social dimensions in a balanced way.
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