Artificial Intelligence

Journal of Economic and Social Science Research recognizes both the opportunities and challenges arising from the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), including ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs), in scientific research and communication. To ensure transparency, academic integrity, and the responsible use of these technologies, the journal establishes the following policy, drawing on the general principles promoted by the International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers (STM) and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Manuscript Preparation

When generative artificial intelligence tools are used to produce or substantially modify text, data, tables, graphs, or images; support the design of the study; or contribute to the collection, processing, analysis, or interpretation of data, authors must disclose their use clearly and transparently within the manuscript. When AI forms part of the research procedure, its use must also be described in detail in the methodology section, specifying the tool used, its version, the purpose for which it was employed, and, where applicable, the verification procedures performed.

All articles, regardless of whether generative artificial intelligence was used, must include a specific statement entitled “Declaration on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence,” placed at the end of the manuscript, immediately before the references. This declaration will form part of the published article and will constitute the only mechanism required by the journal for reporting the use of these technologies, without the need to submit additional forms or documents.

The use of artificial intelligence tools solely for basic corrections involving grammar, spelling, punctuation, formatting, or linguistic structure is not considered the substantive generation of scientific content. Therefore, such uses do not require a detailed description. Nevertheless, authors must carefully review all modifications made and will retain full responsibility for the final version of the manuscript.

Authors are responsible for ensuring the originality, accuracy, validity, and integrity of all submitted content, including content generated, corrected, or supplemented using artificial intelligence tools. Accordingly, they must verify that the manuscript complies with the journal’s ethical policies concerning plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, image manipulation, the accuracy of citations and references, intellectual property, privacy, and information confidentiality.

The use of artificial intelligence does not exempt authors from their academic, ethical, or legal responsibilities. The submission of nonexistent references, fabricated data, unverified interpretations, manipulated images, or content that infringes copyright may result in the rejection of the manuscript, its retraction if it has already been published, and the implementation of the corresponding editorial measures. The journal may request additional information when reasonable doubts arise regarding the manner or extent to which these technologies were used.

Authorship

Generative artificial intelligence tools, chatbots, and large language models may not be listed as authors or co-authors of a manuscript. These technologies do not meet authorship requirements because they cannot assume responsibility for the originality, accuracy, integrity, and validity of the work; approve its final version; be held accountable for potential errors or ethical conflicts; or accept the obligations arising from publication.

Responsibility for the content of the article lies exclusively with the individuals identified as its authors. They must verify any output provided by artificial intelligence tools and ensure that their use does not replace intellectual contribution, critical reasoning, scientific interpretation, or the formulation of the study’s conclusions.

Use of Artificial Intelligence by Reviewers

Reviewers must not use generative artificial intelligence tools or large language models to conduct the scientific evaluation of manuscripts or to substantially draft their peer-review reports. Methodological assessment, critical analysis, comments, and recommendations must result from the reviewer’s professional and independent judgment, and the reviewer will remain fully responsible for the content of the submitted report.

Only limited use of technological tools to improve the grammar, spelling, punctuation, structure, or linguistic clarity of the peer-review report will be permitted, provided that such use does not involve sharing confidential information or delegating the academic evaluation. When an artificial intelligence tool is used for this purpose, the reviewer must disclose it when submitting the report.

Under no circumstances may reviewers upload the complete manuscript or any portion thereof, including its tables, figures, images, appendices, data, editorial communications, or any other information related to the review process, to public or external artificial intelligence tools. Such practices may compromise confidentiality, intellectual property, data privacy, and authors’ rights. When inappropriate use of artificial intelligence in the preparation of a peer-review report is confirmed, the journal may disregard the report and remove the reviewer from the editorial process.

Use of Artificial Intelligence in Editorial Decisions

Editors-in-Chief, editorial board members, associate editors, and guest editors must not use generative artificial intelligence tools to replace editorial evaluation, assess the scientific quality of manuscripts, or make decisions concerning their acceptance, revision, or rejection. Editorial decisions must be based on professional judgment, peer review, the journal’s policies, and human assessment of the quality, originality, relevance, and integrity of each submission.

Members of the editorial team must also refrain from uploading complete or partial manuscripts, tables, images, figures, appendices, peer-review reports, communications with authors, or any other confidential information to external artificial intelligence tools. The use of these technologies must not compromise the confidentiality of the editorial process, data protection, intellectual property, or the rights of authors and reviewers.

Mandatory Declaration in Articles

When generative artificial intelligence has been used, the following statement must be included before the references:

Declaration on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence: During the preparation of this work, the authors used [name and version of the tool] to [specify the purpose and scope of its use]. The authors subsequently reviewed, verified, and edited the generated or AI-assisted content and assume full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, validity, and integrity of the manuscript.

When generative artificial intelligence has not been used, the following statement must be included before the references:

Declaration on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence: The authors declare that they did not use generative artificial intelligence tools in the preparation of this manuscript.