Estrategias de diseño arquitectónico y estructural para viviendas resilientes frente a inundaciones: una revisión bibliográfica
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El incremento de la frecuencia e intensidad de las inundaciones asociadas al cambio climático ha convertido a la vivienda resiliente en un objeto de estudio prioritario para la arquitectura y la ingeniería estructural. El propósito de esta revisión fue sistematizar las estrategias de diseño arquitectónico y estructural documentadas entre 2021 y 2026 para la mitigación del riesgo de inundación en entornos residenciales. Se aplicó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática con búsquedas en la base de datos Scopus, complementada con fuentes de referencia adicionales, utilizando criterios de inclusión centrados en tipologías constructivas, materialidad, normativa estructural y herramientas de planificación. Los resultados evidenciaron cuatro grandes familias de solución: tipologías elevadas y flotantes de origen vernáculo y su reinterpretación contemporánea, marcos normativos y códigos estructurales adaptados a cargas hidráulicas, instrumentos digitales de soporte a la decisión y modelado predictivo, y estrategias de gestión hídrica a escala de lote y de barrio. La discusión contrastó estas familias de solución según su viabilidad técnica, costo y aceptación social en distintos contextos geográficos. Se concluye que la resiliencia habitacional frente a inundaciones requiere la integración de saberes vernáculos, innovación estructural y gobernanza urbana, más que soluciones aisladas.
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