Asociación entre el Bono de Desarrollo Humano y la desnutrición crónica infantil en Ecuador
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La desnutrición crónica infantil persiste en Ecuador y afecta principalmente a hogares con privaciones económicas, territoriales y habitacionales. El objetivo fue analizar la asociación ajustada entre la recepción reportada del Bono de Desarrollo Humano o pensión y la desnutrición crónica en menores de cinco años. Se utilizaron microdatos de la segunda ronda de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Desnutrición Infantil, mediante un diseño observacional transversal. Se recalculó el puntaje Z de talla para la edad con estándares de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, se construyó un índice habitacional mediante componentes principales y se aplicó ponderación por probabilidad inversa con ajuste de regresión. Los menores de hogares receptores presentaron una probabilidad ajustada de desnutrición crónica 3,97 puntos porcentuales mayor y un HAZ 0,1365 desviaciones estándar menor que los no receptores comparables. Estos resultados reflejan la concentración del programa en hogares con vulnerabilidades estructurales persistentes y no demuestran un efecto causal adverso de la transferencia. Se concluye que las transferencias monetarias deben complementarse con intervenciones de salud materno-infantil, nutrición, agua, saneamiento y desarrollo territorial.
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